Experiments done for the purpose of water quality control and assessment, such as the determination of alkalinity, acidity, water hardness, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and other important parameters. The laboratory is coordinated to go with the lecture material.

Laboratory is designed to acquaint students with modern techniques for measuring microbial biomass and microbial degradative activities of natural and xenobiotic chemicals in natural environments. Specific projects of microbial analysis will be assigned to students.

This course introduces the theory and techniques of remote sensing and their application to environmental analysis. Topics include the concepts of remote sensing; characteristics of spectromagnetic waves; types of remotely sensed data; sensor types; the theory of photogrammetric techniques; digital image analysis for acquisition of geographical information. Several lab activities involve: learning of basics of ERDAS Imagine; data acquisition through Internet search for satellite images; importing datasets, band characteristics & visual presentation.

This course is designed to familiarize the students with important laboratory and field procedures and methods used in toxicological testing of environmental toxicants; and to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of major methodologies including acute, subacute, subchronic and chronic bioassays.

Emphasis is placed on field works designed to evaluate the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of wetlands.